THE COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIGHT TO A DOUBLE DEGREE OF JURISDICTION IN THE MATTER OF PLEA AGREEMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55516/ijlso.v1i1.15Keywords:
negotiated justice, Code of Criminal Procedure, plea agreement, right to a double degree of jurisdiction, Protocol no.7 to the Convention for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms.Abstract
The expansion of negotiated justice phenomenon has generated and continues to produce profound reverberations in current legal systems. The emergence and development of proprietary forms of manifestation of the concept has led to important structural changes in the procedural architecture of all contemporary jurisdictions, regardless of their origin, continental or common-law. The collision of this new form of accomplishing justice and public safety with the established landmarks of the classic criminal process has led to a paradigm shift in relation to the nature and consistency of the fundamental rights of participants in the criminal process.
One of the most important such rights is the right to a double degree of jurisdiction in criminal matters, a principle widely embraced by all major legal systems. The interference of the landmarks on which representative institutions for the idea of negotiated justice are based on with this principle has caused many controversies regarding its imminent dissolution, discussions found even at local level, with the introduction of the special procedure of the plea agreement in the current Code of Criminal Procedure.
References
Directive 2014/41/UE of the European Parliament and of the Council, 3rd of April 2014 regarding the European Investigation Order in criminal matters, available on https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/RO/TXT/?uri=celex%
Treaty On European Union (TEU), republished in the Official EU Journal no. C 202 din 7th of June 2016, available on https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri =cellar: 2bf140bf-a3f8-4ab2-b506-fd71826e6da6.0023.02/DOC_1&format=PDF, accessed on 21.11.2021.
European Convention For The Protection Of Human Rights And Fundamental Freedoms, adopted in Rome, at 4.11.1950, entered into force on 3.09.1953 and ratified by Romania through Law no.30/1994, published in M.Of. nr. 135/31.05.1994.
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, published in the Official EU Journal, no. C 83 din 30 martie 2010, available on https://eur-lex.europa.eu/ LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2010:083:0389:0403:ro:PDFLegea nr.135/2010 privind Codul de procedură penală a României, publicat în M.Of. nr. 486/15 iulie 2010, cu modificările şi completările ulterioare.
Protocol no. 7 to the European Convention of Human Rights, available on http://ier.gov.ro/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Protocolul-nr-7.pdf, accessed on 21.11.2021.
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, available on http://www.prefecturatimis.ro/doc/informare/pactul-international-cu-privire-la-drepturile-civile-si-politice.pdf, accessed on 21.11.2021.
French Code of Criminal Procedure, https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/ LEGISCTA000006167486/
Văduva, V., Summary – Phd. Thesis,,Judecata în cazul recunoașterii învinuirii”, https://drept.unibuc.ro/dyn_doc/oferta-educationala/scoala-doctorala/ rezumat-teza/REZUMAT%20TEZA%20VICTOR%20VADUVA.pdf
Langer, Maximo, From Legal Transplants To Legal Translations: The Globalization Of Plea Bargaining And The Americanization Thesis In Criminal Procedure, Harvard International Law Journal, Volume 45, No.1, 2004, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/28201943_From_Legal_Transplants_to_Legal_Translations_The_Globalization_of_Plea_Bargaining_and_the_Americanization_Thesis_in_Criminal_Procedure
Bârsan, Maria Magdalena, Maria Magdalena Cardiş, Acordul de recunoaştere a vinovăţiei, Hamangiu, Bucharest, 2015;
Italian Code of Criminal Procedrure, https://www.brocardi.it/codice-di-procedura-penale/libro-sesto/titolo-ii/art448.html
Kelemen, R. Daniel, Eric C. Sibbit, The Americanization Of Japanese Law, https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1275&context=jil
Wiegan Wolfgang, Americanization of Law: Reception or Convergence?, http://wolfgangwiegand.ch/publikationen/_14_Americanization%20of%20Law%20-%20Reception%20or%20Convergence/137_insgesamt.pdf
Ciucă, A., Apelul, Universul Juridic, Bucharest, 2008.
Coral Arangüena Fanego, The Right To A Double Degree Of Jurisdiction In Criminal Offences, în Javier García Roca și Pablo Santolaya, Europe of Rights: A Compendium on the European Convention of Human Rights, Brill | Nijhoff, 2012
Macavei Săndel Lucian, Comentariu pe marginea art. 2 din Protocolul nr. 7 la Convenţia Europeană a Drepturilor Omului vizând dreptul la două grade de jurisdicţie în materie penală, 2013, article available on www.sintact.ro
Montero Aroca J., “De los medios de impugnación”, în La nueva Ley de Procedimiento Laboral (Commentaries on employment laws directed by Borrajo Dacruz) XXII-2°, Madrid, 1990.
Della Torre Jacopo, La giustizia penale negoziata in Europa, Corso Di Dottorato Di Ricerca In Scienze Giuridiche Diritto Pubblico E Sistema Penale, 2018, https://air.uniud.it/retrieve/handle/11390/1143036/286175/Tesi%20definitiva%20Della%20Torre.pdf
Schmitt B, sub §35a STPO, în L. MEYER-Goßner – B. SCHMITT, Strafprozessordnung, 59a ed, München, 2016.
Catalano E.M., L’accordo sui motivi di appello, Milano, 2001.
Marc L. Miller, Ronald Wright, Criminal Procedures: Cases, Statutes, and Executive Materials, Aspen Publishers, 3rd Edition, 2007.
Reimelt Alexandra W., An Unjust Bargain: Plea Bargains and Waiver of the Right to Appeal, Boston College Law Review, Volume 51, Issue 3, article 7, 2010.
Council of Europe, European Treaty Series nr.117,Explanatory Report to the Protocol No. 7 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, available on https://rm.coe.int/16800c96fd
Pro Lege Law Review. Fapte care nu prezintă pericolul social al unor infracțiuni. Sancţiunile şi cheltuielile judiciare avansate de stat în cazul aplicării dispoziţiilor art. 19 din Legea nr. 255/2013. Aplicarea prin analogie a dispozițiilor Codului de procedură penală anterior, article available on http://revistaprolege.ro/fapte-care-nu-prezinta-pericolul-social-al-unor-infractiuni-sanctiunile-si-cheltuielile-judiciare-avansate-de-stat-cazul-aplicarii-dispozitiilor-art-19-din-legea-nr-2552013-aplicarea-prin-anal/, accessed on 21.11.2021
Ninu Luminița, Phd. Thesis –Summary - APELUL ÎN PROCESUL PENAL, Bucharest University, Law Faculty, 2020, available on https://drept.unibuc.ro/ dyn_doc/oferta-educationala/scoala-doctorala/2020-2021/NINU-Rezumat %20tez%C4%83%20-limba%20rom%C3%A2n %C4%83.pdf
Chiriţă Radu, Convenţia europeană a drepturilor omului, Comentarii şi explicaţii, vol. II, C.H. Beck, Bucharest, 2007.
Mihail Udroiu, Procedură penală. Partea specială, ediția a IV-a, Ch.Beck, Bucharest, 2017.
Neagu Ion, Tratat de procedură penală: partea specială, ed a 2-a, Universul Juridic, Bucharest, 2010.
Lupou Daliana, Acordul de recunoaștere a vinovăției, http://www.revista.penalmente. ro/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/@Daliana-Lupou-Acordul-de-recunoastere-a-vinovatiei.pdf, accessed on 13.11.2021
https://www.juridice.ro/351877/aspecte-de-practica-neunitara-in-materia-dreptului-penal-si-procesual-penal-minuta-intalnirii-reprezentantilor-csm-cu-presedintii -sectiilor-penale-de-la-iccj-si-curtile-de-apel.html, accessed on 21.11.2021
Ştefan Cristian Valentin, Cartea de termene în procedura penală: conform noului Cod de procedură penală, C. H. Beck, 2014.
E.Ct.H.R., case of Pesti and Frodl v. Austria, 18.01.2000, available on https://www.bailii.org/eu/cases/ECHR/2000/712.html, accesed on 21.11.2021
E.Ct.H.R., case of Navalnyy and Ofitserov v. Russia, 04/07/2016, available on https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-161060%22]}, accessed on 21.11.2021
E.Ct.H.R., case of NATSVLISHVILI și TOGONIDZE v. GEORGIA, 08/09/2014, available on https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-142672%22]}, accesed on 21.11.2021.
E.Ct.H.R., case of Kwiatkowska v. Italy, cererea nr. 52868/99, 30.11.2000, available on https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22fulltext%22:[%22%22KWIATKOWSKA%20contre%20l'ITALIE%22%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-31764%22]}, accesed on 21.11.2021
E.Ct.H.R., case of ZAVOLOKA v. Latvia, 7.07.2009, available on https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/fre#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-93464%22]}, accessed on 21.11.2021
E.Ct.H.R., case of Grecu v. Romania, 28.02.2007, available on http://ier.gov.ro/wp-content/uploads/cedo/Cauza-Grecu-impotriva-Romaniei.pdf, accessed on 21.11.2021
E.Ct.H.R., case of Cutean v. Romania, 02.12.2014, available on https://www.legal-land.ro/cedo-cauza-cutean-impotriva-romaniei-proces-penal-inechitabil/, accessed on 21.11.2021
E.Ct.H.R., case of Scoppola v. Italy (no.2) [GC], request no. 10249/03, 17.09.2009, available onhttps://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22fulltext%22:[%22scoppola %22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-94135%22]}, accesed on 21.11.2021
E.Ct.H.R., case of Krombach v.France, 13.05.2001, available on https://hudoc.echr. coe.int/eng#{%22fulltext%22:[%22krombach%22],%22documentcollectionid2%22:[%22GRANDCHAMBER%22,%22CHAMBER%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-59211%22]}, accesed on 21.11.2021
Brașov Tribunal, criminal sentence no. 413/S, 12.05.2008 in MACAVEI Săndel Lucian, Comentariu pe marginea art. 2 din Protocolul nr. 7 la Convenţia Europeană a Drepturilor Omului vizând dreptul la două grade de jurisdicţie în materie penală, 2013, article available on www.sintact.ro
Brașov Tribunal, criminal sentence no. 414/S din 12.05.2008 in MACAVEI Săndel Lucian, Comentariu pe marginea art. 2 din Protocolul nr. 7 la Convenţia Europeană a Drepturilor Omului vizând dreptul la două grade de jurisdicţie în materie penală, 2013, article available on www.sintact.ro
Appellatte Court of Constanța, Decision no. 445/P/18.05.2015 available on https://www.legal-land.ro/cod-procedura-penala/art-421-solutiile-la-judecata-in-apel/, accessed on 04.11.2021
Constitutional Court of Romania, Decision no.358, 30.05.2018, available on http://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocumentAfis/201394
Appellatte Court of Cluj, Decision no.1176/25.09.2017
Constitutional Court of Romania, Decision no. 235/07.04.2015, published in M.Of
nr. 364/26.05.2018.
